Bearings play a crucial role in machinery manufacturing, and the following is the relevant introduction:

Applications in machine tool equipment

Lathe: The spindle is a key component of the lathe. The performance of the spindle bearing directly affects the machining accuracy and surface quality of the lathe. High-precision angular contact ball bearings or cylindrical roller bearings are often used in the lathe spindle. They can withstand radial and axial loads when rotating at high speed, and have a low coefficient of friction and high rotation accuracy. For example, in precision machining, bearings of P4 or higher precision grade are used to ensure that the rotation accuracy of the spindle is within a few microns. The moving mechanism of the tool holder also needs to use bearings. The support bearings on the linear guide rail and ball screw ensure the precise movement of the tool holder in the X and Y axis directions. These bearings need to have high rigidity and high precision to achieve precise cutting.

Milling machine: The spindle of a milling machine also requires high-performance bearings to support it. Since the milling machine needs to withstand large cutting forces and impact forces during processing, spindle bearings are usually made of tapered roller bearings or angular contact ball bearings with large contact angles to provide sufficient axial and radial bearing capacity. For example, in heavy milling machines, a combination of multiple rows of tapered roller bearings is used, which can withstand cutting forces up to several tons. The feed system of the table is also inseparable from the support of bearings. Bearings on ball screws and linear guides ensure smooth movement and precise positioning of the table in all directions. These bearings need to have good wear resistance and accuracy retention.

Grinding machine: Grinding machines have extremely high requirements for machining accuracy, so the accuracy and stability of spindle bearings are crucial. High-precision hydrostatic bearings or aerostatic bearings are usually used, which are able to provide very high rotational accuracy and very low vibration levels. For example, in high-precision cylindrical grinders, aerostatic bearings can control the radial runout of the spindle at the nanometer level, thus achieving high-precision grinding processing. The feed system of the grinder also requires the use of precision bearings. Miniature bearings on ball screws and linear guides ensure the precise movement of the grinding wheel in the feed direction. These bearings need to have a very small coefficient of friction and extremely high accuracy.

Applications in construction machinery

Crane: The hoisting mechanism of the crane is a key part, and the reel and pulley block in it require the use of large rolling bearings. These bearings have to bear huge tensile forces and weights, and to maintain reliable operation during frequent lifting and descending processes. For example, the use of large spherical roller bearings or cylindrical roller bearings can adapt to the load changes of the crane at different working angles. The slewing mechanism of the crane also requires the use of high-performance bearings. The slewing bearing is a key component that connects the upper structure and the lower chassis of the crane. It needs to bear huge overturning moments and axial and radial loads. For example, the use of large crossed roller bearings or three rows of roller bearings has a large load-bearing capacity and high accuracy.

Excavator: Various types of joint bearings and pins need to be used in the connection parts of the working devices of the excavator (such as boom, bucket and bucket). These bearings need to be able to adapt to different angles of motion while withstanding huge digging force and impact force. For example, the use of self-lubricating joint bearings or pin bearings with dust seals can maintain good performance in harsh working environments. The walking mechanism of the excavator is also inseparable from the support of bearings. The bearings on the track wheel and the driving wheel need to bear the weight of the whole machine and the impact load when walking, and work in harsh environments such as mud and dust. For example, the use of tapered roller bearings or double-row cylindrical roller bearings with good sealing performance can ensure the reliability and durability of the walking mechanism.

Loader: The bucket lifting and turning mechanism of the loader requires the use of strong hydraulic cylinders and pin bearings. These bearings need to maintain stable performance under high forces and frequent movements. For example, the use of high-strength joint bearings and pins ensures flexible operation and reliable operation of the bucket.The drive axle and drive shaft of the loader also require various types of bearings. Differential and half axles in the drive axle require tapered roller bearings to withstand axial and radial loads when the vehicle is moving. Universal joint bearings on the drive shaft need to be able to adapt to different angles of transmission and high-speed rotation.

Applications in general machinery

Fan: The impeller shaft of the fan needs to use special fan bearings. These bearings usually need to be selected according to the type and working conditions of the fan. For example, deep groove ball bearings or spherical roller bearings are commonly used in centrifugal fans, while cylindrical roller bearings or angular contact ball bearings may be used in axial flow fans. Fan bearings need to maintain stable operation under high-speed rotation and a certain axial thrust, and must have good heat dissipation performance and low noise characteristics. Motor bearings are also required for the motor of the fan. The quality of motor bearings directly affects the efficiency and life of the motor. High-precision deep groove ball bearings or cylindrical roller bearings are usually used, and reasonable selection should be made according to the power and speed of the motor.

Pump: The connection between the shaft of the pump and the impeller requires the use of bearings to support and transmit power. Centrifugal pumps usually use rolling bearings, such as deep groove ball bearings or cylindrical roller bearings, while some special types of pumps (such as magnetic pumps, shielded pumps) may use sliding bearings or bearings of special structures. Pump bearings need to work in a liquid environment, so they need to have good sealing and corrosion resistance. The motor part of the pump also requires motor bearings, and its selection and requirements are similar to those of fan motor bearings.

Compressor: The crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism of the compressor require the use of high-performance sliding bearings or rolling bearings. These bearings need to withstand huge loads and impacts under high pressure, high temperature and high speed working conditions, and to ensure the reliable operation of the compressor and efficient compression. For example, sliding bearings or high-precision roller bearings made of special materials and processes can meet the working requirements of the compressor. The motor part of the compressor also requires motor bearings, and its quality and performance have an important impact on the overall performance of the compressor.

Bearing selection and maintenance points

Selection basis: According to the working conditions and requirements of the machine, choose the appropriate bearing type. For example, for high-speed and light-load applications, ball bearings can be selected; for heavy-load and low-speed applications, roller bearings should be selected. At the same time, factors such as bearing installation space and cost should also be considered. Determine the size and accuracy grade of the bearing. Calculate the rated load and life of the required bearing according to the load, speed, accuracy requirements and other parameters of the machine, and select the appropriate size and accuracy grade. Generally speaking, the higher the accuracy grade, the higher the price of the bearing, but it can provide better operating performance. Consider the influence of the working environment. Such as temperature, humidity, corrosive medium and other factors, choose bearings with corresponding protective properties, such as waterproof, dustproof, corrosion-resistant bearings.

Maintenance measures: Regularly check the running status of the bearing. Including monitoring the temperature, noise, vibration and other parameters of the bearing, as well as checking the lubrication and sealing performance of the bearing. If abnormal conditions are found, the machine should be stopped in time to check, find out the cause and deal with it. Maintain good lubrication of the bearing. According to the working conditions and requirements of the bearing, choose the appropriate lubricant, and lubricate according to the specified time and method. At the same time, pay attention to the cleanliness of the lubricant to avoid impurities from entering the inside of the bearing. Prevent the bearing from being contaminated and damaged. In the process of installation, disassembly and maintenance, pay attention to keep the working environment clean and avoid dust, impurities, etc. from entering the inside of the bearing. At the same time, use tools correctly to avoid damage to the bearing. Regularly carry out maintenance and maintenance of the bearing. Including cleaning the bearing, changing the lubr For severely worn or damaged bearings, they should be replaced promptly.